India's great desert, 印度的大沙漠,
baking heat,desiccating winds, 烘烤热,干燥的风,
and near-permanent drought have earned 并造成了近乎永久的干旱
this unforgiving land another name, 这原谅这片土地的另一个名字,
the Region of Death. 死亡地区.
But this desert is full of life. 但是这片沙漠充满了生命.
It's a hotspot for nature, 这是自然界的热点,
home to some of the toughest and rarest creatures on earth. 是地球上一些最艰难和最稀有的生物的家园.
Millions of people live here,too. 数以百万计的人也住在这里.
It's the most crowded desert in the world. 这是世界上最拥挤的沙漠.
Humans and animals have forged 人类和动物已经锻造
incredible alliances to survive. 难以置信的联盟生存.
This is no ordinary wilderness. 这不是普通的旷野.
This is the Thar,the desert of life. 这是塔尔（Thar）,生活的沙漠.
The Thar Desert,a land of contrasts. 塔尔沙漠,形成鲜明对比的土地.
Temperature soar to over 50 degrees C. 温度飙升至50摄氏度以上.
And less than five centimeters of rain falls each year. 每年的降雨少于五厘米.
It's one of the harshest places on the planet. 这是地球上最严酷的地方之一.
Yet somehow,life has existed here for millennia, 但是不知何故,这里的生活已经存在了几千年了,
and not just typically tough desert characters. 而不仅仅是典型的强硬沙漠人物.
Beyond the dunes,lies a tapestry of landscapes, 除了沙丘,还有一幅挂毯,
woodlands,desert scrub, 林地,沙漠灌木丛,
salt pans,grassy plains, 盐锅,草地平原,
dry forests,and even cities. 干燥的森林,甚至城市.
These habitats provide homes 这些栖息地提供了家园
for an incredible array of animals. 带来了令人难以置信的各种动物.
Humans have flourished here since the Stone Age, 自石器时代以来,人类在这里蓬勃发展,
tribes with colorful histories, 历史悠久的部落
ancient traditions, 古老的传统
and a spiritual connection with nature. 以及与自然的精神联系.
The world's most crowded desert is home 世界上最拥挤的沙漠就是家
to over 80 people per square kilometer, 每平方公里超过80人,
compared with just 7 in the Sahara. 相比之下,撒哈拉沙漠只有7个.
Together,people and animals have changed the face 人与动物共同改变了面孔
of this desolate landscape. 荒凉的风景.
In some places,it's unrecognizable. 在某些地方,这是无法识别的.
The cities are man-made oases, 城市是人造的绿洲,
perfect for light-fingered opportunists. 非常适合光明的机会主义者.
But with so many mouths to feed, 但是有这么多的嘴要喂,
even here,life is tough. 即使在这里,生活也很艰难.
All the desert's inhabitants struggle 所有沙漠居民都在挣扎
to find food and water. 寻找食物和水.
Their lives dictated by heat and drought. 他们的生活取决于高温和干旱.
Despite the difficulty simply trying to survive, 尽管很难生存,
the Thar is still overcrowded. 塔尔仍然人满为患.
And miraculously,this scorched land continues 奇迹般地,这块焦土仍在继续
to support a wealth of life. 支持丰富的生活.
Exploring India's great desert reveals its hidden secrets 探索印度大沙漠揭示了其隐藏的秘密
and the unique spiritual relationships that exist here. 以及这里存在的独特的精神关系.
On these sacred sands, 在这些神圣的沙滩上,
the lives of man and beast are so closely entwined, 人类和野兽的生活是如此紧密地缠绕在一起,
but they owe their survival to each other. 但他们彼此都赖以生存.
India's desert covers 200,000 square kilometers 印度的沙漠覆盖200,000平方公里
across the far northwest of the country. 横跨该国的西北部.
Taking in the states of northern Gujarat and Rajasthan, 以古吉拉特邦北部和拉贾斯坦邦为例,
the desert engulfs 10% of India's land mass, 沙漠吞没了印度10％的土地,
before sweeping north across the border into Pakistan. 然后向北跨越边界进入巴基斯坦.
This border country is the empty heart 这个边境国家是空虚的心
of an otherwise crowded desert. 原本人满为患的沙漠.
It's effectively a giant dust bowl. 它实际上是一个巨大的集尘碗.
Billions of sand grains are whipped up 数十亿的沙粒被搅碎
by 100 kilometer-an-hour winds. 每小时狂风100公里.
They form immense sand dunes,some almost a kilometer high. 它们形成了巨大的沙丘,高约一公里.
Some never stop moving. 有些人永远不会停止前进.
Others have stood for thousands of years. 其他人已经站了数千年.
Dune ridges ripple like waves 沙丘山脊像波浪一样起伏
in a seemingly endless sea of sand. 在看似无尽的沙海中.
With no shade or water, 没有阴影或水,
few animals make their home on these shifting sands. 很少有动物在这些动荡的沙滩上安家.
This is a land of nomads. 这是游牧民族的土地.
Many of the region's tribes move through the desert 该地区许多部落穿越沙漠
in a constant search for water 不断寻找水
and grazing for their livestock. 和放牧他们的牲畜.
And every spring,they travel from the far corners 每年春天,他们从远处走来
of the Thar,to a small town at its heart,Nagaur. 塔尔的一个小镇,在它的中心,纳戈尔.
20,000 people gather 20,000人聚集
for the desert's largest livestock market,the Nagaur Fair. 为沙漠最大的牲畜市场,纳戈尔集市.
They come to celebrate their traditional way of life 他们来庆祝他们的传统生活方式
and their ancient alliance with nature. 以及他们与自然的古老联盟.
These people are farmers. 这些人是农民.
But with regular droughts, 但是由于经常干旱,
they can't rely on crops for food or income. 他们不能依靠庄稼来获得食物或收入.
Instead,they owe their survival to domesticated animals. 相反,它们的生存归功于驯养的动物.
Because of this dependence on animal farming, 由于这种对畜牧业的依赖,
the desert is home to 10 times more livestock 沙漠是家畜的十倍之多
than anywhere else in India. 比印度其他任何地方都好.
Camels are central to desert life, 骆驼是沙漠生活的核心,
because they can withstand the intense heat 因为它们可以承受强烈的热量
and lack of water that would kill other species. 以及缺水会杀死其他物种.
Owners take great pride in their precious animals. 业主以他们的珍贵动物为荣.
With painstaking attention to detail, 专注于细节,
they're transformed into living works of art. 它们被转化为活的艺术品.
The Marwari horse is also highly valued. 马尔瓦里马的价值也很高.
Its unique smooth step,the revaal, 其独特的平滑步骤,反击,
enables the rider to travel across sand,in comfort. 使骑手舒适地穿越沙子.
Marwari means from the land of death. 马尔瓦里的意思是来自死亡之地.
Originally bred for desert warriors, 最初是为沙漠勇士而生,
it's a warhorse of incredible stamina, 这是令人难以置信的耐力的战马,
that can thrive with little food or water. 少量食物或水就能使生活蓬勃发展.
Desert people have always shared their lives with animals 沙漠人民一直与动物分享生活
and relied on them for survival. 并依靠他们生存.
This has created an ingrained tradition 这创造了根深蒂固的传统
of respect for animals, 尊重动物
fundamental to life all over the Thar. 是整个塔尔地区生活的基础.
200 kilometers from Nagaur,on the desert's eastern edge, 距离纳戈尔200公里,在沙漠的东边,
is the state's capital,Jaipur. 是该州的首都斋浦尔.
It's another world,a man-made oasis, 这是另一个世界,人造的绿洲,
plumbed into deep water supplies and fed by desert farms. 深入到深水供应中,并由沙漠农场喂养.
Jaipur is a desert in disguise. 斋浦尔是变相的沙漠.
Approaching three million people, 接近300万人,
it's one of the fastest-growing places on the planet. 它是地球上增长最快的地方之一.
But people don't have the city to themselves. 但是人们没有自己的城市.
Animals threaten to take over the streets. 动物威胁要占领街道.
The most successful invaders are Jaipur's monkeys. 最成功的入侵者是斋浦尔的猴子.
Alongside humans, 和人类一样
rhesus macaques are the world's most adaptable primates. 恒河猴是世界上最适应的灵长类动物.
The urban jungle is full of opportunities. 城市丛林充满了机遇.
There's great food and plenty to drink. 这里有美味的食物和大量的饮料.
Traditionally,macaques live in forests. 传统上,猕猴生活在森林中.
But as Jaipur has expanded into their natural home, 但是随着斋浦尔（Jaipur）扩展到自然之家,
they've adapted to city life. 他们已经适应了城市生活.
40 street gangs now terrorize the neighborhood. 现在有40个街头帮派恐怖袭击该社区.
But above Jaipur's hectic streets, 但是在斋浦尔繁忙的街道上,
one macaque family occupies a privileged position. 一个猕猴家庭占有一个特权位置.
This is the 60-strong temple troop. 这是有60人的庙宇部队.
Though protected by a male, 尽管受到男性的保护,
it's the alpha female who's in charge. 负责的是阿尔法女性.
Female macaques stay together for life 猕猴生活在一起
and are the core of the group. 并且是该小组的核心.
This family thrives because they live 这个家庭之所以能够蓬勃发展,是因为他们生活
in a temple dedicated to monkeys. 在专门献给猴子的庙宇中
Every year,thousands of pilgrims come here 每年都有成千上万的朝圣者来到这里
to worship Hanuman,the monkey god. 敬拜猴神哈努曼.
According to Hindu religion,Hanuman defeated evil, 根据印度教,哈努曼击败了邪恶,
and as a result,all monkeys are considered sacred. 结果,所有的猴子都被认为是神圣的.
The temple troop is treated like royalty. 庙宇队伍被当作皇室对待.
Pilgrims show their respect for Hanuman 朝圣者向哈努曼表示敬意
by feeding the macaques. 通过喂养猕猴.
This is monkey heaven,where the family can afford 这是猴子天堂,一家人可以负担得起的地方
to relax and have fun. 放松和娱乐.
Life will get harder in time. 生活会越来越艰难.
When summer sets in,the city will heat up. 夏天来临时,这座城市将会升温.
Supplies of food and water will dwindle. 食物和水的供应将减少.
And the troop will have to fight for survival. 部队将不得不为生存而战.
But spring is a time of plenty. 但是春天是一个充裕的时期.
Pilgrims have enough food to be generous. 朝圣者要有足够的食物.
It's not just monkeys that are sacred here. 这里不仅仅是神圣的猴子.
90% of India's population is Hindu, 印度90％的人口是印度教,
a religion that worships many animal gods. 一种崇拜许多动物神的宗教.
Hindus believe that humans and animals are one family, 印度教徒认为人类和动物是一个家庭,
so all creatures should be treated 所以应该对待所有生物
with respect and kindness. 尊重和友善.
And in the Thar,that includes a creature much 在塔尔,其中包括一个生物
of the world loves to hate. 全世界都讨厌.
300 kilometers northwest 西北300公里
of Jaipur is the isolated town of Deshnoke. 斋浦尔是一个与世隔绝的小镇德什诺克.
The city is famous for its temple of nightmares. 这个城市以其噩梦而闻名.
It's crawling with rats. 它在爬着老鼠.
Even today,rats spread bubonic plague,salmonella, 即使在今天,老鼠仍在传播鼠疫,沙门氏菌,
and tuberculosis via infected fleas. 和肺部感染的跳蚤.
Seen as vermin worldwide, 在世界范围内被视为害虫,
rats are often killed on sight. 老鼠经常被杀死.
But here,they are revered. 但是在这里,他们受到尊敬.
Thousands of Hindus flock to the temple 成千上万的印度教徒涌向圣殿
to honor the miracle goddess,Karni Mata. 为了纪念奇迹女神卡尼玛塔.
The temple's rats are believed to be Karni Mata's children, 寺庙里的老鼠被认为是卡尼·玛塔的孩子,
reincarnated in a rat's body. 在老鼠体内转生.
They are known as kabas. 他们被称为卡巴斯.
The sight of a kaba brings good luck. 卡巴的景象带来了好运.
Feeding the rats is an even greater honor. 喂养老鼠是更大的荣誉.
Worshipers offer the rats a sweetmeat known as prasad. 崇拜者给老鼠提供一种叫做普拉萨德的甜食.
Flour,sugar,and clarified butter are mixed 面粉,糖和澄清的黄油混合在一起
into huge quantities,in the temple kitchens. 在圣殿厨房里变成大量
Visiting the rat temple 参观老鼠庙
is a once-in-a-lifetime experience for some. 对于某些人来说是千载难逢的经历.
Others come here,every day. 每天都有其他人来这里.
Devdam is one of the temple elite. Devdam是圣殿精英之一.
He can trace his family back to the goddess,Karni Mata. 他可以把他的家族追溯到女神卡尼玛塔.
He believes that when he dies, 他相信死后
he will return here,reborn as a rat. 他将回到这里,重生为老鼠.
Three times a day,he comes to pray to his holy aunt 一天三趟,他来向他的圣姨妈祈祷
and share food with his relatives. 并和他的亲戚分享食物.
20,000 rats live a life of luxury in the temple. 20,000只老鼠在寺庙里过着奢侈的生活.
There's never been an outbreak of disease here, 这里从来没有爆发疾病,
even though people share food with rats, 即使人们与老鼠共享食物,
which is considered the ultimate honor. 这被认为是终极荣誉.
Hindus believe people and animals share an eternal journey. 印度教徒认为人与动物有着永恒的旅程.
Born as a human in this life, 作为人类而生
you may be a rat in the next. 您可能会成为下一个老鼠.
Such reverence isn't reserved for rats. 这种尊敬并不只限于老鼠.
In another part of the desert, 在沙漠的另一部分,
scavengers get special treatment,too. 清道夫也得到特殊待遇.
160 kilometers south of Deshnoke's rat temple is a city 德什诺克老鼠庙以南160公里处是一座城市
known as the gateway to the desert,Jodhpur. 被称为通往沙漠的门户,焦特布尔.
It's dominated by one 由一个人主导
of India's most impressive buildings,Mehrangarh Fort, 在印度最令人印象深刻的建筑中,梅兰加堡,
also known as Mountain of Birds. 也被称为鸟山.
Its battlements tower 120 meters above the city. 它的城垛耸立在城市上方120米处.
And they've been occupied for centuries. 他们已经被占领了几个世纪.
The fort is a stronghold for birds of prey, 堡垒是猛禽的据点,
thanks to the people of Jodhpur. 感谢焦特布尔的人民.
In the fabled blue city,raptors have long been protected. 在传说中的蓝色城市,猛禽早已受到保护.
Caring for the black kite population 照顾黑鸢种群
is a task Latif Qureshi takes to heart. 拉蒂夫·库雷希把这件事放在心上.
Latif feeds the kites every day, 拉蒂夫每天都喂鸢,
as his family has done for generations. 就像他的家人世世代代一样.
It's a great honor. 真是荣幸
Nurtured by the city, 受到城市的滋养,
the kites thrive in their desert fortress. 鸢在沙漠要塞中壮成长.
They share their home with long-billed vultures 他们与长嘴秃鹰一起共享家园
that nest on its battlements. 在它的城垛上筑巢.
But India's vultures haven't been so lucky. 但是印度的秃鹰并不是那么幸运.
Their numbers fell by 90%,in recent years, 近年来,他们的人数下降了90％,
accidentally poisoned by a drug that is now banned. 意外被目前禁止的药物中毒.
Fewer vultures nest here now. 现在更少的秃鹰在这里筑巢.
But Jodhpur's fort remains a vital breeding ground. 但是焦特布尔的堡垒仍然是重要的繁殖地.
Numbers are slowly recovering. 数字正在缓慢恢复.
Vultures rise on thermals 秃on因热而上升
and soar effortlessly above the blue city. 毫不费力地在蓝色的城市上空飞翔.
The streets below are crowded with working animals. 下面的街道上挤满了工作的动物.
Cows are sacred to Hindus 母牛对印度教徒是神圣的
and cannot be eaten when they die. 他们死后不能被吃掉.
Instead,they must be respectfully disposed of. 相反,必须将其妥善处置.
Every day,carcasses are wheeled to the edge of the city 每天,尸体都被推到城市的边缘
where they're left to the scavengers. 他们留给拾荒者.
Birds of prey are invaluable to society. 猛禽对社会来说是无价之宝.
The vultures are fed. 梅兰加堡不仅仅是鸟类的天堂.
In return,they clean up the city, 作为回报,他们清理了这座城市,
helping ensure disease doesn't get a grip. 帮助确保疾病不会被抓住.
Mehrangarh Fort isn't only a haven for birds. 梅兰加堡不仅仅是鸟类的天堂.
It's a sanctuary for another of India's most sacred animals. 它是印度另一种最神圣的动物的庇护所.
Revered above all monkeys is the Hanuman langur, 最受尊敬的猴子是哈努曼叶猴,
believed to be the living incarnation of the monkey god. 被认为是猴神的活化身.
This adaptable primate can survive everywhere, 这种适应性强的灵长类动物可以在任何地方生存,
from steaming jungles to frozen forests. 从热气腾腾的丛林到冰冻的森林.
No other monkey lives in the center of a parched desert. 没有其他猴子生活在干旱的沙漠中心.
Langurs know which desert plants are edible 叶猴知道哪些沙漠植物可食用
and get most of the moisture they need from solid food. 并从固体食物中获得所需的大部分水分.
But they also seize man-made opportunities. 但是他们也抓住了人为的机会.
Every morning,the family leave their trees 每天早上,一家人离开他们的树
to take a trip into town. 去镇上旅行.
Incredible acrobats,they gracefully scale the rooftops 令人难以置信的杂技演员,他们优雅地缩放屋顶
on their way to Mehrangarh Fort. 在去梅兰加堡的路上.
It's usually a good place to get handouts 通常是获得讲义的好地方
from generous pilgrims,but today, 来自慷慨的朝圣者,但今天,
there's a very different welcoming committee. 有一个非常不同的欢迎委员会.
Rogue bachelor males patrol the ramparts. 流氓单身汉巡逻城墙.
Without a troop of their own, 没有自己的队伍,
they team up to try and steal one. 他们联手尝试偷一个.
And they use force. 他们使用武力.
Troop takeovers can be brutal. 部队收购可能是残酷的.
New males never adopt existing youngsters. 新男性从不收养现有的年轻人.
If they win,they will kill the infants. 如果他们赢了,他们会杀死婴儿.
Mothers are desperate to save their babies. 母亲们迫切希望拯救自己的孩子.
The bachelors dwarf the females. 单身汉使女性相形见..
But the sisterhood stands strong. 但是姐妹会依然坚强.
The alpha female shows incredible bravery. 阿尔法女性表现出不可思议的勇气.
She risks life and limb to repel the attackers. 她冒着生命危险和四肢击退攻击者.
It's not their time yet. 还不是他们的时间.
The bachelors flee,but they'll be back. 单身汉逃跑了,但他们会回来的.
Male takeovers are part and parcel of langur life. 男性接管是叶猴生活的一部分.
The alpha male is only strong enough 阿尔法男性只足够强壮
to retain a troop for a few years. 保留一支部队几年.
Scarred from previous battles, 从先前的战斗中伤痕累累,
his days at the top are numbered. 他在最上面的日子已经数了.
With frequent droughts,food shortages,and fierce fights 干旱频发,粮食短缺和激战
between rivals troops desert life is a struggle for langurs. 敌对部队之间的沙漠生活是为叶猴而斗争.
But thanks to their holy status,help is at hand. 但是由于他们的神圣地位,帮助随时可用.
Mr.Borana runs a charity dedicated 博拉纳先生经营着一家慈善机构
to caring for Jodhpur's sacred monkeys. 照顾焦特布尔的圣猴.
After their bruising encounter, 碰到青紫后,
the langurs are ready to see a friendly face, 叶猴准备好看到友好的面孔,
particularly when he's handing out a feast. 特别是当他分发盛宴时.
Many of the langurs have known Mr.Borana 许多叶猴都认识博拉纳先生
since they were born,and they're not shy. 自从他们出生以来,他们并不害羞.
Though bananas aren't the natural food of desert monkeys, 尽管香蕉不是沙漠猴的天然食物,
they're the troop's favorite. 他们是部队的最爱.
The alpha female is wise enough to know 阿尔法女性很聪明,足以知道
that Mr.Borana is a lifeline for her family. 博拉纳先生是她家人的生命线.
There's no risk of starvation here, 这里没有饥饿的风险,
despite the constant threat of drought. 尽管持续面临干旱威胁.
In this desert community,people take the welfare 在这个沙漠社区,人们将福利
of animals into their own hands. 的动物掌握在自己手中.
Mr.Borana's devotion 博拉纳先生的奉献精神
to these monkeys has created a unique bond 这些猴子创造了独特的纽带
between man and his primate cousins. 在人和他的灵长类表亲之间.
Langurs thrive because 叶猴壮成长是因为
of their close relationship with humans. 与人类的亲密关系
But in the summer,desert life gets tougher for everyone, 但是到了夏天,每个人的沙漠生活变得更加艰难,
even holy monkeys. 甚至是圣猴.
Fed year-round,Jodhpur's langurs are the lucky ones. 一年一度的美联储,焦特布尔的叶猴是幸运的.
Their big-city relatives must steal to survive. 他们的大城市亲戚必须偷东西才能生存.
Jaipur is hot and hectic,with millions to feed. 斋浦尔又热又忙,有数百万人需要进食.
Summer drought cuts supplies to the city. 夏季干旱削减了城市的物资供应.
With less food to feed their families, 用更少的食物养家糊口,
the pilgrims' handouts at the monkey temple dry up. 朝圣者在猴庙的讲义枯竭了.
But there's still plenty to eat,downtown. 但是,市中心仍然有很多吃饭的地方.
The temple troop is on a mission to find food. 圣殿部队的任务是寻找食物.
But in the blistering heat, 但是在烈热中
the youngsters take time out to cool down. 年轻人要抽出时间冷静下来.
The rest of the family is anxious to move on. 家庭其他成员都渴望继续前进.
They've got a date with Jaipur's central market. 他们与斋浦尔的中央市场有约会.
For the hungry troop, 对于饥饿的部队,
this is a banquet too tempting to resist. 这是一场诱人的宴会.
The family moves into position. 家庭搬到位.
From their rooftop vantage point,they plan their strategy. 从屋顶的角度出发,他们计划自己的策略.
It's a slick,carefully coordinated operation. 这是一个巧妙,精心协调的操作.
The thieves move with stealth and speed. 盗贼以隐身和速度移动.
It's daylight robbery. 今天是抢劫.
Hindus may worship monkeys, 印度教徒可能会崇拜猴子,
but their patience is pushed to the limit, 但是他们的耐心被推到了极限,
during the long,hot summer. 在漫长而炎热的夏天.
The city's brazen macaques become a serious nuisance. 该市的野蛮猕猴变得很严重.
But the people of Jaipur have a secret weapon, 但是斋浦尔人民有一个秘密武器,
Dhanna Lal,the monkey catcher. 达娜·拉尔,捕猴人.
Dhanna is employed to rid the city of problem monkeys. 达纳受雇于消除城市中的问题猴子.
He knows where the troublemakers hide, 他知道麻烦制造者藏在哪里,
and he's one step ahead. 他领先一步.
Macaques might be clever, 猕猴可能很聪明,
but it's hard to outsmart the monkey catcher. 但是要赶上猴子捕手很难.
Dhanna Lal takes the problem macaques on the return journey, 丹娜·拉尔（Dhanna Lal）在返程途中带了问题猕猴,
150 kilometers outside Jaipur, 斋浦尔以北150公里,
to their ancestral home,the Aravalli hills. 他们的祖籍阿拉瓦利山.
India's oldest mountain range forms a natural barrier 印度最古老的山脉形成天然屏障
to the Thar Desert,running 800 kilometers 去塔尔沙漠,跑800公里
on its southeastern edge. 在它的东南边缘.
The ancient mountains are a source of many rivers 古老的山脉是许多河流的源头
and home to a rich diversity of life. 并拥有丰富的生活.
Rare creatures,like the sloth bear, 稀有动物,例如懒惰的熊,
find refuge in these hills. 在这些山上找到避难所.
But to city-bred monkeys, 但是对于市内的猴子,
it's a shock to the system. 这是对系统的震惊.
Having never experienced life in the wild before, 以前从未经历过野外生活,
they have a lot of adjusting to do. 他们有很多调整要做.
They will have to relearn the survival skills 他们将不得不重新学习生存技能
of their forest ancestors. 他们的森林祖先.
Until then,they'll have to make due with a roadside snack. 在那之前,他们将不得不点一份路边小吃.
The Aravalli hills are blessed with water, 阿拉瓦利山有水,
but in the baking heat,the forest is tinder-dry. 但是在烘烤的高温下,森林是火干的.
In the summer,animals crowd the waterholes. 在夏天,动物挤满了水坑.
The sambar deer cakes himself in mud, 水鹿在泥土中结块,
as a way of keeping cool. 作为保持冷静的一种方式.
Female wild boar feel the heat,too, 雌性野猪也感到热,
especially with the demands of thirsty piglets. 特别是口渴的仔猪的需求.
For many animals,it's the breeding season. 对于许多动物来说,这是繁殖季节.
Male sambar deer prepare for the rut. 公水鹿鹿为车轮痕迹做准备.
Male peacocks are competing,too, 雄孔雀也在竞争,
with beautiful displays. 精美的显示屏.
Females prefer males with big tails. 女性喜欢尾巴大的男性.
But fabulous feathers can attract deadly admirers. 但是神话般的羽毛可以吸引致命的仰慕者.
This region is home to India's most iconic predator. 这个地区是印度最具标志性的掠食者的家园.
All forest animals share a common enemy, 所有森林动物都有一个共同的敌人,
and they work together to try and survive. 他们一起努力生存.
Many eyes are alert to danger. 许多眼睛警惕危险.
The neighbors operate an early warning system. 邻居们运行着一个预警系统.
One of the langur troop didn't make it to safety. 一支叶猴部队并没有达到安全目的.
Down on the ground,a monkey can provide an easy meal. 在地面上,猴子可以提供便餐.
The Aravalli forest is home to around 30 阿拉瓦利森林是大约30个
of India's remaining 1,500 Bengal tigers. 印度剩余的1500头孟加拉虎中的一半.
The Thar Desert provides a sanctuary 塔尔沙漠提供了一个避难所
to many of India's native species. 印度的许多本地物种.
And it also attracts visitors from much further afield. 它也吸引了来自更远地区的游客.
One migrates thousands of kilometers 一个迁移数千公里
from China and Russia to reach the desert. 从中国和俄罗斯到达沙漠.
On its epic journey, 在史诗般的旅程中,
it must scale the world's highest mountains. 它必须扩展世界上最高的山脉.
The Himalayas stretch for 2,400 kilometers across Asia. 喜马拉雅山脉在整个亚洲绵延2400公里.
The tallest peak rises almost nine kilometers 最高的山峰上升近九公里
above sea level,Everest. 珠穆朗玛峰海拔以上.
Everest is known in Tibet 珠穆朗玛峰在西藏闻名
as the mountain so high no bird can fly over it. 高山如此之高,没有鸟可以飞过.
But one remarkable species has proved otherwise, 但是一种非凡的物种证明不是这样,
the demoiselle crane. 闺女起重机.
To escape Asia's bitter winters, 为了逃避亚洲的严冬,
the cranes take on the planet's ultimate mountain challenge. 起重机承担着地球的终极山区挑战.
These delicate-looking birds find the strength 这些细腻的鸟儿找到了力量
to battle freezing winds 对抗狂风
and air so thin they're literally starved of oxygen. 和空气如此稀薄,以至于简直是缺氧.
Flying alongside their parents are juveniles, 和父母一起飞翔的是少年,
only recently fledged. 直到最近才开始.
But their parents can't protect them 但是他们的父母不能保护他们
from masterful mountain predators. 来自精通山区的掠食者.
Golden eagles work in pairs to hunt down the weak. 金鹰成对工作以寻找弱者.
The flock is exhausted,especially the youngsters. 羊群已经筋疲力尽,尤其是年轻人.
Identifying a target,the eagles close in, 确定目标之后,老鹰们将其关上,
at over 300 kilometers an hour. 时速超过300公里
There's little chance of escape. 逃脱的机会很小.
This is the most perilous leg of the crane's migration. 这是起重机迁移过程中最危险的一环.
It's a miracle they survived their journey. 他们在旅途中幸存下来是一个奇迹.
The flocks fly 3,000 kilometers nonstop, 羊群直飞3000公里,
in just seven days,to get here, 在短短七天内,到达这里,
the tiny desert town of Kichan. 沙漠小镇基昌.
The townspeople are honored to welcome the survivors 市民很荣幸地欢迎幸存者
and feed them throughout their six-month stay. 并在他们六个月的逗留期间喂饱他们.
Their generosity is a mark of their respect for the cranes, 他们的慷慨是他们对起重机的尊重的标志,
and it's justly rewarded. 并得到了应有的回报.
9,000 cranes flock to Kichan, 9000只鹤聚集在基昌,
one of the largest congregations in the world. 世界上最大的教会之一.
It's a safe,warm place to winter, 这是冬天的安全温暖的地方,
and there's enough food to recover from their arduous trip. 并且有足够的食物可以从他们的艰苦旅途中恢复过来.
In some countries,cranes are shot and face extinction. 在某些国家/地区,起重机被射中并灭绝.
But here,they're protected. 但是在这里,它们受到了保护.
The people of Kichan consider it a privilege 祈璨人民认为这是一种特权
to host these incredible migrants. 接待这些令人难以置信的移民.
But it's not just animals that are highly valued 不仅动物受到高度重视
in this desert region. 在这个沙漠地区.
There's something else so precious, 还有那么珍贵的东西
people have died protecting it. 人们为保护它而死.
It's the ultimate desert survivor,the Khejri tree. 它是沙漠中最后的幸存者,可可树.
Its nutritious leaves are known as famine food, 其营养丰富的叶子被称为饥荒食物,
lifesavers for animals and people. 动物和人的救生员.
During a 40-year famine,people survived on its bark alone. 在40年的饥荒中,人们仅靠树皮就生存了下来.
And it's central to the lives of one unique tribe. 它对于一个独特部落的生活至关重要.
The Bishnoi live according to 29 strict principles 比什诺伊人按照29条严格的原则生活
to ensure they don't harm any living thing, 确保他们不伤害任何生物,
most importantly,trees. 最重要的是树木.
The Bishnoi depend on fires for cooking, 比什诺依依赖于大火做饭,
but it's forbidden to cut living wood. 但禁止砍伐活木材.
They only ever collect dead branches. 他们只收集死枝.
A brutal event in history united the Bishnoi 历史上的残酷事件使比什诺伊联合起来
and the Khejri tree forever, 和永远的赫哲里树,
a tragedy that's never been forgotten. 从未被遗忘的悲剧.
Even today,the village elders recount 即使在今天,村里的长老仍在叙述
the story of the 393. 393的故事.
300 years ago, 300年前
the Maharaja of Jodhpur was building his vast fort. 焦特布尔的王公正在建造他的广阔堡垒.
He needed wood and sent loggers to cut the Khejri trees. 他需要木头,并派遣伐木工人砍伐凯赫里树.
When a brave villager,Amrita Devi,protested, 当勇敢的村民阿姆丽塔·德维抗议时,
she paid with her life. 她付出了生命.
Other villagers tried to protect the trees,too. 其他村民也试图保护树木.
But the loggers showed no mercy. 但是伐木工人丝毫不怜悯.
In total,393 people were martyred. 共有393人殉难.
It may sound like a myth,but this massacre really happened. 这听起来像是一个神话,但这场屠杀确实发生了.
The martyr's legacy is a tradition 烈士的遗产是一种传统
of conservation among their descendants. 他们的后代中的保护.
The Bishnoi tribe are considered 比什诺伊部落被认为
the world's first ecologists. 世界上第一批生态学家.
Wild animals flock to Bishnoi villages, 野生动物涌向比什诺伊村庄,
because they're cared for like one of the family. 因为他们像一家人一样受到照顾.
Known as the guardians of the desert, 被称为沙漠的守护者,
the Bishnoi protect large areas of pristine habitat, 比什诺伊保护着大片原始生境,
vital sanctuaries for native wildlife, 本地野生动植物的重要庇护所,
like the spiny-tailed lizard. 像长尾蜥蜴一样.
Often found living near Bishnoi villages, 经常生活在比什诺伊村庄附近,
it's known to eat the beans of the Khejri tree. 众所周知,它吃的是可可树的豆子.
Elsewhere,it's hunted for meat and medicine. 在其他地方,人们正在寻找肉类和药品.
Its only predator here is the tawny eagle. 它的唯一掠食者是黄褐色的鹰.
Blackbuck,India's most elegant antelope, 黑羚羊,印度最优雅的羚羊,
are rare outside Bishnoi land. 在比什诺伊地区以外很少见.
Herds of 10,000 once roamed the desert, 数以万计的牧民曾经在沙漠中漫游,
but numbers have crashed,due to poaching 但是由于偷猎,数字已经崩溃
and competition with livestock for grazing. 与牲畜竞争放牧.
Its spiral antlers may look elegant, 它的螺旋鹿角看起来很优雅,
but they're designed for combat. 但它们是为战斗而设计的.
Jousting follows well-established rules to minimize injury. 比赛遵循既定规则,以尽量减少伤害.
But with weapons as sharp as samurai swords, 但是用像武士刀一样锋利的武器,
fights can be deadly. 打架可能是致命的.
With the males preoccupied, 在男性全神贯注的情况下,
female blackbuck must be extra vigilant. 女性黑鹿一定要格外警惕.
Indian wolves patrol these grasslands. 印度狼在这些草原上巡逻.
Blackbuck are its natural prey. 黑鹿是其天然的猎物.
But the antelope are one of the world's fastest animals. 但是羚羊是世界上最快的动物之一.
Reaching 80 kilometers an hour, 时速达到80公里,
they're no easy catch. 他们并非易事.
A leaping herd proves too much for a lone wolf. 对于孤独的狼来说,跳跃的畜群证明了太多.
The Thar is a stronghold for the Indian wolf, 塔尔山是印度狼的据点,
which thrives in undisturbed areas. 在不受干扰的地区蓬勃发展.
The wolves live in tightly-knit family groups, 狼生活在紧密的家庭群体中,
led by a dominant pair. 由一对主导.
Once,they were widespread across the country. 曾经,它们遍布全国.
Now,fewer than 3,000 survive. 现在,只有不到3,000个幸存者幸存下来.
Sheep make easy prey. 绵羊容易成为猎物.
And in some parts of India, 在印度的某些地区,
wolves have even hunted human children. 狼甚至猎杀了人类的孩子.
Understandably,this has made them public enemy number one. 可以理解,这使他们成为公敌第一.
But Hindu tribes consider killing wolves taboo. 但是印度教部落考虑杀害狼群禁忌.
Though still persecuted by some, 尽管仍然受到某些人的迫害,
the Indian wolf is now also protected by law. 印度狼现在也受到法律保护.
The Thar is a home to a surprising number of predators. 塔尔河是数量惊人的食肉动物的家园.
Indian foxes, 印度狐狸
hyenas, 鬣狗
and the king of them all, 和他们所有人的国王,
an animal that once rivaled the tiger. 一种曾经与老虎抗衡的动物.
At the far southern edge of the desert, 在沙漠的最南端,
in Gujarat Gir Forest, 在古吉拉特邦吉尔森林
lives a predator normally associated with Africa. 生活在通常与非洲有关的捕食者中.
This parched forest is at its most dangerous in the summer, 这个炎热的森林在夏天最危险,
when one of the world's most formidable predators 当世界上最强大的掠食者之一
has youngsters to feed. 有年轻人要喂养.
Lifesaving water sources become death traps. 救生用水成为死亡陷阱.
This is lion country. 这是狮子国.
Females have cubs during the hottest months of the year 女性在一年中最热的月份有幼崽
when prey is forced to visit shrinking waterholes, 当猎物被迫参观缩小的水坑时,
and it's easier to make a kill. 而且更容易被杀死.
Indian lions can hunt successfully alone, 印度狮子可以独自成功狩猎,
using the cover of the trees 使用树木的覆盖物
to get within striking distance. 达到惊人的距离.
Unlike their African cousins, 不像他们的非洲表兄弟,
Indian lions have a thinner mane 印度狮子的鬃毛更薄
and a long line of skin running down their belly. 和一长串的皮肤顺着他们的肚子流下来.
The Gir Forest is the last stronghold of lions 吉尔森林是狮子的最后据点
which once roamed all over Europe,Asia,and India. 曾经遍及欧洲,亚洲和印度.
After a century of big game hunting, 经过一个世纪的大猎杀,
they were at the brink of extinction. 他们濒临灭绝.
In 1900,there were just 20 lions left. 1900年,仅剩20头狮子.
Now,there are around 500. 现在,大约有500个.
They owe their survival to the Maldhari herdsmen 他们的生存归功于马尔达里牧民
who gave up their ancestral homelands 谁放弃了祖先的家园
to create a lion reserve. 创建一个狮子储备.
With nothing but thorn fences for protection, 除了刺栅栏可以保护自己,
the Maldhari's tolerance for big cats is remarkable. 马尔达里人对大型猫科动物的容忍度是惊人的.
The Maldharis are Hindus and consider the lion sacred. 马尔达里人是印度教徒,认为狮子是神圣的.
They worship the man-lion,Narasimha,a supreme god. 他们崇拜人狮子,那拉西姆哈,一个至高无上的神.
Even though lions are venturing outside the reserve, 即使狮子在保护区外冒险,
the Maldhari continue to tolerate their dangerous neighbor. 马尔达里人继续容忍他们危险的邻居.
When the oppressive summer heat is at its peak, 当夏季闷热到极点时,
it's too hot to move. 太热了,无法移动.
Temperatures soar to 50 degrees centigrade. 温度飙升至50摄氏度.
Without a drop of rain,the desert is gripped by drought. 没有一滴雨,沙漠就被干旱困住了.
The region's capital city,Jaipur, 该地区的首都斋浦尔,
feels the effects of food and water shortages. 感到食物和水短缺的影响.
The temple troop is forced downtown, 圣殿部队被迫进入市区,
in search of something to eat. 寻找吃的东西.
Venerated monkeys reduced to rummaging 受尊敬的猴子沦为翻箱倒柜
through rubbish for scraps. 通过垃圾为废料.
They're thirsty,too, 他们也很口渴
but the city taps are padlocked. 但是城市的水龙头却被锁住了.
Water supplies are drying out,even at the temple. 即使在寺庙里,水源也在枯竭.
But the resident troop still has one precious pool left. 但是驻军还剩下一个宝贵的宝库.
At this time of year,they're permanently on guard. 每年的这个时候,他们都处于永久戒备状态.
Given half a chance, 只要有一半的机会
neighboring troops will steal their prime territory. 邻国军队将抢夺其主要领土.
In macaque society, 在猕猴社会,
you have to defend your home if you want to keep it. 如果要保留房屋,就必须保卫自己的房屋.
The temple troop has lived here in luxury for generations. 寺庙部队已经在这里生活了几代人.
It's the main reason so many have survived. 这是许多人幸存下来的主要原因.
But their rivals are closing in. 但是他们的竞争对手正在关闭.
They'll do almost anything to claim the temple 他们将竭尽所能索取圣殿
and its priceless water supplies. 及其无价的供水.
The temple troop forms a defensive wall. 庙宇部队形成了防御墙.
But desperation is a powerful driving force. 但是,绝望是强大的动力.
The intruders take their chance and attack. 入侵者抓住了机会,发动了进攻.
They break the temple troop's defensive line. 他们打破了圣殿部队的防御线.
Now anything's possible. 现在一切皆有可能.
It's hard to know who's who, 很难知道谁是谁
until the rival's dominant male makes his move. 直到对手的优势男性开始行动.
He attacks the alpha female. 他攻击了阿尔法女性.
It's a big mistake. 这是一个大错误.
Her family leaps to her defense. 她的家人一跃而起,为自己辩护.
The big male turns tail and flees. 大雄性变成尾巴并逃跑.
His troop follow suit. 他的部队也效仿.
Their attack crumbles. 他们的进攻崩溃了.
The macaques cling on to the temple, 猕猴紧贴着圣殿,
but one female has suffered a terrible loss. 但是一位女性遭受了惨重的损失.
Caught up in the fighting,her baby has died. 在战斗中陷入困境,她的婴儿已经死亡.
A solemn mood settles over the whole family. 庄严的心情遍布全家.
They know something is wrong. 他们知道出了点问题.
It's impossible to know what the mother is thinking, 不可能知道母亲在想什么,
but she carries her baby around for hours 但她抱着婴儿几个小时
before finally letting go. 才终于放手.
It's a confusing time for the youngsters. 对于年轻人来说,这是一个令人困惑的时刻.
And there'll be more deaths if the rains don't arrive soon. 如果雨天不早到,将会有更多的人死亡.
If they don't get enough food and water, 如果他们没有得到足够的食物和水,
female macaques are sometimes forced 母猕猴有时被迫
to abandon their babies. 放弃他们的孩子.
For now,all they can do is watch and wait. 目前,他们所能做的就是观察和等待.
After 10 months of drought,the baking desert is rock-hard. 经过10个月的干旱,烘烤沙漠变得坚硬.
Suddenly,a change in the air. 突然,空气变了.
The monsoon stirs. 季风风起云涌.
Low pressure sucks moisture-laden air 低压吸入充满水分的空气
from the Indian Ocean towards the Himalayas. 从印度洋到喜马拉雅山.
As it rises and cools, 随着它升起和降温,
heavy storm clouds,charged with electricity, 乌云密布,充满电,
finally release what's longed for. 终于释放出渴望的东西.
The monsoon transforms the city. 季风改变了这座城市.
A year's rain falls in a matter of hours. 一年的降雨要花几个小时.
It may be a lifesaver, 可能是救命稻草,
but the deluge is a shock to some of Jaipur's residents. 但是这次洪水使斋浦尔的一些居民感到震惊.
It's the same scene all over the Thar. 整个塔尔都是同一场景.
But the mood is changing. 但是心情正在改变.
The city streets flow like rivers. 城市街道像河流一样流动.
Precious water is everywhere. 到处都是珍贵的水.
This is a time for celebration. 这是庆祝的时候.
The monsoon is vital to all life here. 季风对这里的所有生命至关重要.
Within days,the desert is transformed. 几天之内,沙漠就变了.
Soils become fertile. 土壤变得肥沃.
Crops regrow. 作物长势.
Jaipur is quick to reap the benefits. 斋浦尔可以迅速获得收益.
Fresh food and water stocks are replenished. 补充了新鲜的食物和水.
Pilgrims return to the monkey temple. 朝圣者回到猴庙.
And now,they have plenty to share. 现在,他们有很多可以分享的东西.
The temple troop females will not abandon their babies. 庙宇部队的女性不会放弃他们的孩子.
And there are new faces in the crowd. 人群中出现了新面孔.
At last,the family has time to groom 最后,一家人有时间梳理
and renew old friendships. 并恢复旧的友谊.
For now,the macaques can relax, 现在,猕猴可以放松了,
but survival in this harsh desert will always be a struggle. 但是在这片荒芜的沙漠中生存将永远是一个挣扎.
And with India's population booming, 随着印度人口的蓬勃发展,
and global temperatures rising, 随着全球气温上升,
life can only get harder. 生活只会更艰难.
The spiritual relationships that unite the Thar's human 团结塔尔人的精神关系
and animal inhabitants will increasingly shape their future, 动物居民将越来越塑造他们的未来,
in the world's most crowded desert. 在世界上最拥挤的沙漠中.
The Thar desert, 塔尔沙漠,
so harsh yet so full of life, 如此残酷却充满生命
where animals and people have always needed each other, 动物和人总是需要彼此的地方,
competition is fierce, 竞争很激烈
and the fight for survival can be desperate. 为了生存而战.
But on these sacred sands, 但是在这些神圣的沙滩上,
a spirit of compassion saves lives. 同情心可以挽救生命.
The Thar is home to more creatures 塔尔河是更多生物的家园
than any other desert in the world, 比世界上任何其他沙漠都要多
because its people have a long tradition 因为它的人民有着悠久的传统
of respect for nature. 尊重自然.